Economics as Science

Science will be growing, so produced results that are beneficial to humans. So, what's the importance of science. Like a mighty tree, which will be pierced in to the center of the earth, branches twigs cover the corners of the horizon and the high clouds to reach even the sky. But since emerging from the ground "tree" that has manifested itself two main stem, so that all the branches and twigs "tree" that grows from both the main stem. Both the main stem is a Natural Sciences and Social Sciences.

Natural Sciences in accordance with its name, investigating the state of nature and its contents. Natural sciences, earth sciences, mathematics, chemistry, etc. are examples of Natural Sciences. While the Social Sciences made man and society as a conversation. Within the scope of the social sciences, there exists Social sciences, Law, Economics, Religion, etc.

On the other hand science is divided into 2, namely:
1. Pure science
Pure science and served untui further enhance the preservation of life and the development of science itself.
2. Applied Science Applied science useful to apply in your life and the lives of everyday people
Examples of both these sciences such as Sosiolologi Sosiatri as pure science and applied science, psychology as a pure science and applied science Psychiatry. And some other branch of science that does not have a specific name for pure science and science that belongs to its application as Sociology and Psychology. Economics, for example, the parts named Pure Economics  or Economic Theory and Applied Economics.

Subjects of Economics as part of the social sciences and the second is the first human bodies that are involved in economic activities, such as shops, companies, finance departments, consumer organizations, etc.. The object of economics is the means and the actions taken by the man in the allocation of existing resources.
Economics as a part of the Social Sciences dubbed as The Queen of the Sosicial Science (maharani social sciences) since economics is one of the social sciences using quantitative methods in the analysis-analysis.

Behind lies the kuantititif method of qualitative methods. As an example of these methods are as follows: a qualitative analysis can only state: "if the price goes up the number of items purchased something society will be reduced", whereas an analysis using quantitative methods dat ynag states: "if the price goes up by a few dollars amount purchased goods decreased by so many people ".

Economics have two kinds of main tools for analysis are:
1. Methods of induction and deduction
This method is widely used in the analysis of qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis also needs it though. Induction method is a method of inquiry, in which the particulars concluded matters of a general nature. Example of the division of society into castes ketatseperti sitem contained in Hindu religion in India is the cause inhibition of the rate of economic growth, as well as control over land rights to the Christian church groups in Europe before the revolution by Martin Luther, Protestants have also curtailed economic growth
2. Mathematics and statistics
Math: mathematical economics in particular. Math can be formulated with the applicable functions among variables (variables) economy.
Example: In the economic theory: The demand for a product is the manifestation of the relationship between the price of goods TSB (P) by the number of items they will be (Q) which purchased the community at various price levels. Can formulate a mathematical function of two variables that form the price (P) and the number of goods (Q).

Ill all the principles of the science of mathematics applied in reviewing this ekonomi.Dalam mathematics devoted to economics rather than vice versa. Negative values ​​are not used in mathematics in economics.
Statistics is a continuation of the method of induction, deduction and mathematics. Dilasanakan statistics by collecting data terdpt in the real world. Statistics is closely connected with the real world
Both of these tools (mathematics & Statistics) part of the science has been regarded as the main tool for solving economic problems. Mathematics & Statistics together with pure economic theory both of them are members of a so-called economics Econometrics.

Derived from the Economics Econometrics (Economics) and Metric (measurement / measuremen). Econometrics means: The method of measurement in economics

Economical symptoms are: all events, fact, event, as well as human behavior that have economic value.
Example: Inflation (symptoms of excessive money supply in the community)
Poverty (national and symptoms of declining revenues per capita income), etc.
Among the symptoms are mutual economic relations. The relationship between economic symptoms can be classified into two, namely:
• The causality (casual relationship): which one is the cause of the symptoms are the other symptoms as a result.
Example: natural disasters and crop yields
Cause and effect
• Functional Relationship : Symptom-contained economic gajala influence.
Example: P & Q were purchased
If P as an independent variable and Q as the dependent variable  if P then Q will climb down.
If Q as the independent variable and P as the dependent variable  if Q then P rose up
Assumption / critical assumption in terms of the degree of truth of economics.
Economics benefits:
1. Individual
2. The business world
3. Government

Economics

Economics as a branch of Sciences was given the title as the oldest art, and the newest science. Economic problems were born since the inception of the tens of thousands of years ago humans. No single branch of any older ataui first born of him. Human needs for food, clothing and shelter has forced people, the first inhabitants of this earth, to wrestle and hang out with economic problems. In the early moments of human life, there has been no economic terms alone.

The term economics was born in Greece (Greek) and its own economic terms derived from the Greek words. Derived from the word Oikos Nomos which means management of household or estate (domestic governance and ownership).

The most famous definition of economics is a branch of science that make an effort to provide knowledge and understanding of the symptoms that arise due to human actions in an effort to make ends meet or to mecapai prosperity. Definition tersbut a mild definition and a definition provided for lay people, whereas what we need is an adequate definition.

In this case Paul Anthony Samuelson, an economist from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has collected six definitions of the various other experts. The sixth definition is:
1. Economics or political economy, is a study of the activities, with or without the use of money, include or involve exchange transactions between people;
2. Economics is the study of how people make the right choice to make use of productive resources, ie land, labor, capital goods such as machinery, and engineering knowledge) that measures and limited in number, to produce and distribute a variety of products to a variety of members of the public for consumption;
3. Economics is the study of people in their activities of daily living to earn and enjoy life;
4. Economics is the study of how human beings behave to organize the activities of consumption and production;
5. Economics is a study of wealth;
6. Economics is the study of ways to improve the community.
Professor Paul Anthony Samuelson states that every undergraduate economics could be expanding definition of economics become more widespread. However, Professor Paul Anthony Samuelson gave a statement as a conclusion that: Economists are now more agreed to accept the truth of a common definition of economics as follows:

Economic is the study of how man and society end up choosing, with or without the use of money, to employ scare productive resources that could have alternative uses, to produce various commodities and distributive them for consumption, now or in the future, among various people and groups in society. It analizes the cost and benefits of improving patterns of resoursces allocation.

Economics is the study of the ways people and societies make choices, with or without the use of money for the use of productive resources are scarce may have alternative uses, to produce various goods and distribute them for consumption, both for the present and the will come, to the various classes and groups in society. Economics that analyzes the amount of the costs and benefits that occur due to an improvement in the pattern of allocation of resources.

See definition above shows some of the things that a big idea. First. that the main problem (main or central problem) any economic behavior or major problems in economics, is the election issue (problem of choice). Dimkasud the "election" here is the selection of the ways the use of productive resources that could have alternative uses. It means that every item has not only one use. For example, of a plot of land should be made a choice, to be planted, sold or to set up above the building, it is impossible to use a plot of land for the benefit of all three at once,. In terms of solving the problem of choice, hands down economics so that elections can be imposed on the use of the most profitable.
Second, is the fact that the productive resources are scarce or rare items. Scarcity of productive resources it gives the sense that their use should be carefully and precisely. And masalahpun back to the problem of choice.

Third, concerning the use of money. Stated in the above definition that must use the money in the economy is simply a matter of a second course. The main question is menentukanpilihan use, as already mentioned above, and then based on the selection made production. However the importance of money in the economy, but it should not be said that the economy had stalled due to lack of money.

Fourth, is the production and distribution of the results to members of the public for consumption. In each community whether it's a communist society or a collective tribal inhabitants of South Sea Island, or a capitalist nation, both of these, namely the production and consumption Indeed, we should always be together.
There should always be a group of community members who make the goods and services to be used or enjoyed by the public the results by the other group members. In fact, what is referred to as The Three Fundamental Economic Problem and interdependent as below, with clear covers this issue
1. What commodities shall be produced and in what quantities? What items to be made and how much? that is, how many and which of the goods and services that the many that are chosen to be made and produced?
2. How shall good be produced? - How have the goods that will be produced? That is, who will do it and with what resources, and the technological system that how the goods produced.
3. From Whom shall goods be produced-For whom the goods are dihasilakn it later? - That is, who should enjoy and benefit than dihasilkannnya barag these items? Another is to say how the whole product (production) nationally distributed to members of the public?
The third issue above, the What, How and For Whom, once fundamental, as well as any faced by economies that are developing or already developed, communist or capitalist economy, perekonomia ancient and modern, rural and urban economies, but not all the economy The third problem is solved in the same way.
The third issue above, the What, How and For Whom intimately concerned with four issues contained in the definition of economics which has tersebutkan above, is about the last part of the above definition. Its sound is "economics that analyzes the amount of the costs and benefits that occur due to the improvement in the allocation pattern of the sources".